P30+Electromagnetic+Radiation

 Maxwell Discovers Electromagnetic Waves This video discusses how James Clerk Maxwell and Michael Faraday investigated the medium in which fields exist. Maxwell theorized that magnetic waves and electric waves must occur together. Using Gauss' law, Ampere's law and Faraday's law, he discovered that changing electric flux will create a magnetic field. He termed the electric flux the displacement current, and discovered the nature of electromagnetic waves. The electric and magnetic laws are animated and analyzed using calculus. Video (11 minutes)  Maxwell's Equations (Series: The Mechanical Universe...and Beyond) By the 1860s, all of the pieces of the electricity and magnetism puzzle were in place, except one. The last piece, discovered by James Clerk Maxwell, was called the displacement current. It was just what was needed to produce electromagnetic waves and light.Video (29 minutes)  Optics (Series: The Mechanical Universe...and Beyond) James Clerk Maxwell's theory says that electromagnetic waves of all wavelengths, including radio waves, gamma-rays, and visible light, are all basically the same phenomenon. Many of the properties of light are really just properties of waves. This video explores optics, properties of light, and properties of waves. Video (29 minutes)  Optics: Introduction The detection of an electromagnetic field involves a force acting on a stationary or moving charge in space. Any disturbance in an electric field will cause a disturbance in the related magnetic field, and these disturbances will propagate at the speed of light. One of the best detectors of a propagating electromagnetic disturbance is the human eye. Video (2 minutes) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Oscillating Electric Charge <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">An oscillating electric charge creates waves that propagate along the lines of force at the speed of light. The outward ripple of the electric field forms the wave front, which causes the outward ripple of the magnetic field. Video (2 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Basic Prism <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">Using this ExploreLearning Gizmo, students can investigate how a prism refracts light. The process facilitates understanding of the index of refraction, critical angle, angle of refraction, angle of incidence, and Snell's law. Web <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Electromagnetic Spectrum <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">Common wave properties are frequency, wavelength, and speed. While mechanical waves can be transverse or longitudinal, light waves are always transverse. The entire electromagnetic spectrum is described, including the sources of each wavelength. Video (4 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Optics (Series: The Mechanical Universe...and Beyond) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">James Clerk Maxwell's theory says that electromagnetic waves of all wavelengths, including radio waves, gamma-rays, and visible light, are all basically the same phenomenon. Many of the properties of light are really just properties of waves. This video explores optics, properties of light, and properties of waves. Video (29 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Vibrations in the Lines of Force <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">This video presents the question: Would a vibrating charge set the lines of force into vibration? Video (1 minute) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Gravity, Electricity and Magnetism (Series: The Mechanical Universe) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">The gravitational force between two masses, the electrical force between two charges, and the magnetic force between two magnetic poles essentially take the same mathematical form. Sir Isaac Newton's script suggested connections between electricity and magnetism. Acting on scientific hunches, James Clerk Maxwell saw the matter in an entirely new light. Video (29 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">History - Physics of the Universe <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">All notable physicists sought and seek to understand our universe. The fundamental constants, such as the speed of light and the universal gravitational constant, allow us to interpret the nature of our universe. An understanding of electricity and gravity aids in understanding the universe. Video (8 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Laser Reflection <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">This ExploreLearning Gizmo enables the user to experiment with a laser beam, a beam splitter, and various mirrors to better understand the principles of reflection. Mirror angle and surface, laser placement, and use of a beam splitter may be manipulated. The angles of incidence and reflection can be measured, compared, and analyzed. Laser Reflection also includes an exploration guide and assessment questions. Web <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Light Reflection <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">Simulate the Law of Reflection and explore the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection. This applet may be used by itself or in conjunction with the accompanying lesson. Web <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Light Refraction <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> Simulate light refraction through several different media and explore Snell's Law as it relates to the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, and total internal reflection. Web/Video <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Newton and the Reflecting Telescope <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> Galileo's refracting telescope was limited because it spread out the colours that make up white light through the phenomenon of dispersion. Newton realized this limitation, and developed the more powerful reflecting telescope as a result. The reflecting telescope reflects a beam of light without dispersion, regardless of the colour of the light. This is the reason this telescope is still widely used by astronomers today. Video (1 minute) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Optics (Series: The Mechanical Universe...and Beyond) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> James Clerk Maxwell's theory says that electromagnetic waves of all wavelengths, including radio waves, gamma-rays, and visible light, are all basically the same phenomenon. Many of the properties of light are really just properties of waves. This video explores optics, properties of light, and properties of waves. Video (29 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Prism <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> Simulate the refraction of light through a prism and explore the refractive index, angle of incidence, and angle of refraction. Web <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Refraction <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> This ExploreLearning Gizmo allows the user to explore the properties of light refraction in different mediums (e.g., air and water). The index of refraction and angle of incidence may be adjusted within the simulation. The angle of refraction, wavelength, and frequency of light waves may be measured and the data for the different mediums compared and analyzed. Web <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Refraction <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> The principles of refraction are used to focus light to a single point. Refraction of light through a prism, a process called dispersion, reveals that white light is composed of a spectrum of colors. Newton explained refraction by characterizing light as a particle, whose path would bend due to the gravitational attraction of a nearby mass. Huygens explained refraction by considering light to be a wave, which leads to our modern day explanation. Video (2 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Telescopes and Radar <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> Light is but one of many electromagnetic waves available for use in human inventions. All electromagnetic waves are bound by the same characteristics and properties; therefore, they can all be detected using similar equipment. Radar is a case in point. Video (1 minute) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Water Refraction <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">Simulate the refraction of a water wave when it passes from one medium into another. This applet may be used by itself or in conjunction with the accompanying lesson. Web <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Wave Interactions with Matter <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> The short wavelengths of visible light lead to very sharp shadows. Because of its electrical nature, all matter will affect and respond to electromagnetic wave patterns. This fact is used to explain refraction and mirror reflection. Video (2 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"> Ray Tracing (Lenses) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> This ExploreLearning Gizmo allows the user to investigate reflection and refraction of light rays by experimenting with a virtual candle, convex lens, and concave lens. Within the simulation the position of the candle and type of lens may be manipulated and the size and distance of the resultant cast image measured. Data collected can support analysis of focal point, focal length, and magnification. Ray Tracing (Lenses) also includes an exploration guide and assessment questions. Web <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Diffraction Grating <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> Simulate the diffraction of light through a diffraction grating and use the visual and graphical display of the diffraction pattern to explore the relationships among slit separation, slit distance, number of slits, and incident light wavelength. Web/Video <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Interference and Huygens' Principle <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> Simulate wave motion and interference in a ripple tank to explore the concepts of path difference and Huygens' Principle. Web <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Michelson and the Interferometer <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> Albert Michelson was well qualified to investigate the ether. Michelson had an extensive educational background and was an excellent craftsman in the area of sensitive equipment. The operational principles of the interferometer are described, including how it should work in relation to the ether. Video (5 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">The Experiment of Michelson and Morley <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> Based on the observations with the first interferometer of 1880, Albert Michelson and Edward Morley built a more sensitive and stable device. Using the new interferometer, no shifting in the interference pattern was detected, regardless of in what orientation the interferometer was placed. There was, as a result, no evidence for the presence of the ether. Video (5 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">The Michelson-Morley Experiment (Series: The Mechanical Universe...and Beyond) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> This video discusses the 1887 Michelson-Morley experiment in Cleveland, Ohio. The experiment was designed to measure the motion of Earth through the ether and became one of the most famous failed experiments to date. Video (29 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Water Diffraction <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">Simulate the diffraction of a water wave as it passes through a barrier that has one or two slits, or when it travels around the edge of a barrier. This applet may be used by itself or in conjunction with the accompanying lesson. Web. <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Young's Slit Experiments <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> Thomas Young proved that light is a transverse wave by observing the constructive and destructive interference pattern of multiple plane waves. All waves in all mediums exhibit the same properties. Young's double and single slit experiments are portrayed with animation. The relationship between the fringe pattern and the wavelength is described. Video (4 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Lorentz, Michelson and Relativity <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> Hendrik Lorentz's attempt to explain the Michelson-Morley failure was based on the unverified properties of the newly-discovered electron, and on the theory of relativity. Although the experiment had proven the speed of light and verified Einstein’s theory of relativity, Albert Michelson was haunted by the failed experiment to prove the existence of the ether. Video (4 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Maxwell and the History of Science <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> This video discusses the relationship between James Clerk Maxwell and the significant scientific discoveries of those who came before him. From Newton's action at a distance to Faraday's discovery of induction, Maxwell had an ample amount of material upon which to build. Video (5 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Maxwell Discovers Electromagnetic Waves <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> This video discusses how James Clerk Maxwell and Michael Faraday investigated the medium in which fields exist. Maxwell theorized that magnetic waves and electric waves must occur together. Using Gauss' law, Ampere's law and Faraday's law, he discovered that changing electric flux will create a magnetic field. He termed the electric flux the displacement current, and discovered the nature of electromagnetic waves. The electric and magnetic laws are animated and analyzed using calculus.Video (11 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Maxwell's Equations (Series: The Mechanical Universe...and Beyond) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> By the 1860s, all of the pieces of the electricity and magnetism puzzle were in place, except one. The last piece, discovered by James Clerk Maxwell, was called the displacement current. It was just what was needed to produce electromagnetic waves and light. Video (29 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Newton and the Reflecting Telescope <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">Galileo's refracting telescope was limited because it spread out the colours that make up white light through the phenomenon of dispersion. Newton realized this limitation, and developed the more powerful reflecting telescope as a result. The reflecting telescope reflects a beam of light without dispersion, regardless of the colour of the light. This is the reason this telescope is still widely used by astronomers today. Video (1 minute) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Reaction to the Michelson-Morley Experiment <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">The failure of the Michelson-Morley experiment to verify the existence of ether created a theoretical dilemma in the scientific community. Many reasons for the failure were suggested, including the Lorentz transformations and the principle of relativity. Video (3 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Some of Maxwell's Significant Achievements <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">James Clerk Maxwell went beyond his investigations in electromagnetism by explaining the solid nature of Saturn's rings and developing the kinetic theory of gases. Maxwell believed that strict mechanical principles could be applied to all natural phenomena. Video (2 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">The Speed of Light <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">James Clerk Maxwell found that the speed of any wave is dependent on several environmental factors. He determined that the magnetic constant and the electrical constant are related by the speed of light. Maxwell's discovery of the speed of light is also discussed in this video. Video (3 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Why the Ether? <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">A wave is described as a disturbance in a medium that propagates in a specific direction. If a wave is defined in this respect, how can one travel without a medium in which to move? The concept of the ether was invented to answer just such a question. It is described as a transparent, incompressible, and non-viscous fluid that filled all of space. Video (2 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Fermat’s Principle <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">This ExploreLearning Gizmo allows the user to investigate Fermat's principle by adjusting the maximum velocity and direction of travel of a 'person' in order to determine the quickest route. Data is recorded in via screen shots to support analysis. The resource includes supplementary materials. Web <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Light Reflection <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">Simulate the Law of Reflection and explore the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection. This applet may be used by itself or in conjunction with the accompanying lesson. Web. <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Ray Tracing (Mirrors) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">This ExploreLearning Gizmo allows students to explore how curved mirrors produce images by observing light rays that reflect from a convex or concave mirror. The resource includes lesson materials and assessment questions. Web
 * ==<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Students will explain the nature and behaviour of EMR, using the wave model. == || ==<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Students will explain the photoelectric effect, using the quantum model.  == ||
 * <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Electromagnetic Spectrum <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">Common wave properties are frequency, wavelength, and speed. While mechanical waves can be transverse or longitudinal, light waves are always transverse. The entire electromagnetic spectrum is described, including the sources of each wavelength. Video (4 minutes)

|| <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Particles and Waves (Series: The Mechanical Universe...and Beyond) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">Evidence that light can sometimes act like a particle led to the development of quantum mechanics. In quantum mechanics, not only does light come in quanta called photons; electrons and other particles interfere like waves. Video (29 minutes) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Wave Particle Summary <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">The experiments and reasoning of Planck, Einstein, de Broglie, Schrodinger, Born and Heisenberg led to the theoretical perfection of the new physics. Video (3 minutes) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Energy Formula for Light <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">The formula for expressing the relationship between the frequency and the energy of light was introduced by Max Planck. Video (1 minute) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Hot Glowing Bodies <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">No matter of what substance a body is made, the colour with which a body glows when heated depends solely on its temperature. Video (2 minutes) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Photoelectric Effect <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">This ExploreLearning Gizmo allows the user to discover the photoelectric effect (the tendency of metals to lose electrons when struck by light). The effect of shooting a beam of light at a metal plate can be observed in the simulation. The type of metal as well as the frequency, voltage, and intensity of light can be adjusted. An electric field can be created to resist the electrons and measure their initial energies. This resource includes an exploration guide and assessment questions. Web <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Photoelectric Effect <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">Light is comprised of discrete bundles of energy. The gold leaf electroscope demonstration of the photoelectric effect and an animation of Einstein's photoelectric effect equation are used to clarify this concept. Video (2 minutes) <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">The Essence of the New Physics <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;">The idea of probability and the essence of the new physics are explained using a demonstration of polaroid filters in a light beam. Video (6 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Wave Particle Duality <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> Waves can behave like particles and particles can behave like waves. Through the manipulation of energy formulas, the momentum of a light particle can be determined. Video (2 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Wave Particle Summary <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> The experiments and reasoning of Planck, Einstein, de Broglie, Schrodinger, Born and Heisenberg led to the theoretical perfection of the new physics. Video (3 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> The more one knows about where a particle is, the less one can tell about its momentum. Uncertainty is raised to the level of a fundamental principle of nature. Video (2 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">Schrodinger's Wave Mechanics <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> With a range of wavelengths, a wave-like object can be constructed in a limited region of space. Such an object is neither a particle, nor a wave. Erwin Schrodinger's wave mechanics is the clearest description of the nature of photons and electrons. Video (2 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Wave Particle Controversy <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> The idea of light as particles, called photons, is postulated as an alternative to the wave theory of light. Video (1 minute) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">De Broglie Wave Equation <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> The distinct spectral lines of hydrogen, as discovered by Niels Bohr, are reconciled with the wave nature of the orbiting electrons. Video (2 minutes) <span style="background-color: #c5eafc; color: #006497; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">X-ray Imaging <span style="background-color: #fdfef5; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: left;"> This ExploreLearning Gizmo demonstrates an imaging device that enables students to study the interior of an object. Students can explore the basic principles behind an X-ray machine and take X-ray images from two different directions. The resource includes supplementary information on medical imaging and a suggestion for a classroom activity. Web

||